1.電(dian)力電(dian)纜和架空導(dao)線
和(he)架空導線在電(dian)力系統(tong)(主干(gan)線)中都是用于傳送(song)和(he)分配大功率電(dian)能的線路中。
2.繞組線
繞組線(xian)是一種具有(you)絕緣層的(de)導電(dian)(dian)金(jin)屬電(dian)(dian)線(xian),用(yong)(yong)于繞制電(dian)(dian)工(gong)產(chan)品的(de)線(xian)圈(quan)或(huo)繞組。其(qi)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)是通過(guo)電(dian)(dian)流產(chan)生(sheng)磁場,或(huo)切割磁力線(xian)產(chan)生(sheng)感應電(dian)(dian)流實現(xian)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)和磁能(neng)的(de)互(hu)相轉換故又稱為(wei)電(dian)(dian)磁線(xian)。
3.通(tong)信(xin)電(dian)纜(lan)
是傳輸電話(hua)、電報、電視、廣播(bo)、傳真、數據和其(qi)他電信信息的(de)電纜。
其(qi)用途分為 :
(1)市內通信(xin)電纜 用于市內、近郊和局部地區的電話線路中。
(2)長(chang)途(tu)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)電(dian)纜(lan) 載波多路通(tong)(tong)信(xin)線路;長(chang)途(tu)高頻(pin)(pin)載波通(tong)(tong)信(xin)和低(di)頻(pin)(pin)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)用;長(chang)途(tu)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)干線線路。
(3)電(dian)信設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)用(yong)通信電(dian)纜 交(jiao)換機(ji)及其他傳輸設(she)(she)(she)備(bei),電(dian)話電(dian)報(bao)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei),數(shu)據處理設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)的相互連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie);一(yi)級配線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、二級配線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)并與分線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)相連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie);程控交(jiao)換局內總(zong)配線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)架與交(jiao)換局用(yong)戶電(dian)路(lu)板之間(jian)(jian)的音頻(pin)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie),也可用(yong)于其他通信設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)之間(jian)(jian)的音頻(pin)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie);數(shu)字交(jiao)換設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)內部或數(shu)字設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)之間(jian)(jian)的短段(duan)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)。
(4)數字通(tong)信(xin)對(dui)稱電纜 數字通(tong)信(xin)系(xi)統(tong)如綜合業務數字網(wang)(ISDN)、局域網(wang)(LAN)和數據(ju)通(tong)信(xin)系(xi)統(tong)。
(5)射(she)頻電(dian)纜 無線(xian)(xian)電(dian)通信(xin)設備和(he)有關無線(xian)(xian)電(dian)電(dian)子設備中傳(chuan)輸射(she)頻信(xin)號(hao);閉路電(dian)視、共用天(tian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)視系統作(zuo)分支線(xian)(xian)和(he)用戶線(xian)(xian),以及其他(ta)電(dian)子裝置(zhi);無線(xian)(xian)電(dian)波(bo)不能(neng)直接傳(chuan)播(bo)或傳(chuan)播(bo)不良的(de)隧道、坑道、地下建(jian)筑之(zhi)類(lei)的(de)特(te)殊環(huan)境,兼(jian)有信(xin)號(hao)傳(chuan)輸和(he)無線(xian)(xian)的(de)雙重功(gong)能(neng)使用頻率為1GHz以下。
(6)海(hai)(hai)底通(tong)信(xin)電纜 大(da)(da)陸與近海(hai)(hai)島嶼之間(jian)的(de)通(tong)信(xin),聯(lian)絡大(da)(da)陸與島嶼以及島嶼之間(jian)的(de)載波通(tong)信(xin)線(xian)路,120路海(hai)(hai)底干(gan)線(xian)通(tong)信(xin)系統,作為沿海(hai)(hai)大(da)(da)城市間(jian)、島嶼間(jian)的(de)通(tong)信(xin)線(xian)路。
(7)一般(ban)通信(xin)線 通信(xin)用(yong)戶終(zhong)端設(she)備(bei)到電纜(lan)分(fen)線箱(盒)之間的用(yong)戶通信(xin)線;電話用(yong)室內線;連接電話機與(yu)送話器或接線盒,連接交換(huan)機與(yu)插塞。
(8)光纜(lan) 是目前通信電(dian)纜(lan)的一(yi)種(zhong),使用波段處于近紅外光之(zhi)內,波長范(fan)圍為,0.8~1.6μm。由于通信容(rong)量(liang)(liang)與電(dian)磁(ci)波頻率成正比例增加(jia),而(er)光纜(lan)通信頻率為1014~1015數量(liang)(liang)級比常(chang)用的微波頻率要高104~105倍,因此(ci)光纜(lan)通信頻帶寬、容(rong)量(liang)(liang)大的特點是很明顯(xian)的。
4、電氣裝(zhuang)備用電線電纜
電(dian)氣裝備用電(dian)線電(dian)纜(lan)使(shi)用范圍很廣因而品種繁多,主要(yao)涉及供電(dian)、配(pei)電(dian)和用電(dian)所需(xu)要(yao)的各種通用和專(zhuan)用的電(dian)線電(dian)纜(lan),以(yi)及控制、信號、儀表和測溫等到弱電(dian)系統中(zhong)所用的電(dian)線電(dian)纜(lan)。
(1)船用(yong)(yong)電(dian)纜 船用(yong)(yong)電(dian)纜是江(jiang)河、海洋中各類船舶(bo)、海上(shang)石(shi)油(you)平臺及(ji)水上(shang)建筑物的電(dian)力(li)、照(zhao)明、控制、通(tong)信、微機等系統專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)的電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜。
(2)礦(kuang)(kuang)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan) 礦(kuang)(kuang)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)是指(zhi)煤礦(kuang)(kuang)開采工業專用(yong)的地面和井下設(she)備用(yong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)產品。其中包(bao)括采煤機、通(tong)信(xin)、照明與信(xin)號設(she)備用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan),以及(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鉆(zhan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)、帽燈電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)和井下移動變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站用(yong)6kV電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)等。
(3)控制(zhi)(zhi)、信(xin)號電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan) 控制(zhi)(zhi)、信(xin)號電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)是(shi)(shi)作為各(ge)類電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)儀(yi)表及自動裝置之(zhi)間的連接線(xian)(xian),主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)用(yong)于(yu)控制(zhi)(zhi)、監(jian)控聯絡回路(lu)及保護(hu)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)等(deng)場(chang)合,起(qi)著傳遞控制(zhi)(zhi)、信(xin)號等(deng)作用(yong)。廣泛用(yong)于(yu)各(ge)種工(gong)(gong)礦企業、交通(tong)運輸(shu)等(deng)重要(yao)(yao)經濟部門,如在發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠、變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力線(xian)(xian)路(lu)及石油(you)化工(gong)(gong)等(deng)工(gong)(gong)業中就采用(yong)了(le)大(da)量的控制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan),對于(yu)安(an)全(quan)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及生產(chan)系統的運轉,其(qi)功能甚(shen)至超過主(zhu)干(gan)線(xian)(xian)用(yong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan),而在鐵(tie)路(lu)信(xin)號聯鎖系統中的信(xin)號電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)對鐵(tie)路(lu)運輸(shu)的正(zheng)常(chang)安(an)全(quan)運行(xing)也是(shi)(shi)非(fei)常(chang)重要(yao)(yao)的。
(4)直流高(gao)壓軟電(dian)(dian)纜 直流高(gao)壓軟電(dian)(dian)纜是用于(yu)各(ge)種(zhong)需要直流高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)纜的設(she)(she)備、裝置、或儀(yi)器中作連接線。如用于(yu)工業探傷設(she)(she)備,電(dian)(dian)子顯微鏡(jing)、X-射線晶(jing)體儀(yi)、靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)除塵、靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)選礦、靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)噴漆和鍍膜(mo)、電(dian)(dian)子轟擊爐(lu)、電(dian)(dian)子束焊(han)機、高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)爐(lu)等(deng)一系列(lie)設(she)(she)備配套用電(dian)(dian)纜,都屬此類。
(5)通(tong)用橡套軟電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜 廣泛(fan)用于各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)表氣(qi)設(she)備,例如日用電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機械、電(dian)(dian)(dian)工裝置和器具的移(yi)動式電(dian)(dian)(dian)源線(xian),同時可在(zai)室內或室外環境條(tiao)件下使用。根(gen)據電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜所(suo)受的機械外力(li),在(zai)結構上分為輕型(xing)、中(zhong)型(xing)和重(zhong)型(xing)三類。
(5-a)電(dian)焊機(ji)(ji)用電(dian)纜(lan) 電(dian)焊機(ji)(ji)電(dian)纜(lan)是低電(dian)壓大電(dian)流條件(jian)下工作,要(yao)有(you)一(yi)定的耐(nai)熱性(xing),柔軟性(xing)、一(yi)定的耐(nai)油、耐(nai)溶劑(ji)性(xing)、耐(nai)磨性(xing)等。
(5-b)潛水泵用(yong)(yong)扁電纜 潛水泵用(yong)(yong)扁電纜用(yong)(yong)于交流(liu)電壓500V及(ji)以下,為潛水電機配套(tao)使用(yong)(yong)的橡皮(pi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)橡護套(tao)扁電纜。
(6)電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan) 電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)主要用于電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)樓梯(ti)房(fang)中的(de)電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)上下(xia)移(yi)動的(de)動力控制。電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)隨電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)上下(xia)移(yi)動、彎曲(qu)頻繁,要求電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)彎曲(qu)性能(neng)好。電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)垂直敷設(she),電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)要有加強芯(xin),使其具有一定(ding)的(de)抗拉強度。電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)工(gong)作環境有油污及防火要求,電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)阻燃性能(neng)。
(7) 機(ji)(ji)車(che)車(che)輛用電(dian)纜 機(ji)(ji)車(che)車(che)輛用各種供電(dian)裝置、電(dian)纜使用的(de)額定電(dian)壓750V和(he)1500V和(he) 3000 V及以下的(de)內燃機(ji)(ji)及電(dian)氣車(che)的(de)電(dian)氣設(she)備。通信、廣播(bo)線的(de)交(jiao)流電(dian)壓在200V以下。
(8) 石(shi)油及地(di)質(zhi)勘探(tan)(tan)用(yong)電(dian)纜(lan) 這類電(dian)纜(lan)在電(dian)纜(lan)中屬于較(jiao)特(te)殊的(de)電(dian)纜(lan),使用(yong)環(huan)境(jing)惡(e)劣(lie)、制造特(te)殊、難度(du)(du)較(jiao)大、要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)高、產(chan)品往往要(yao)(yao)用(yong)多種學(xue)科(ke)。如承荷(he)探(tan)(tan)測電(dian)纜(lan)隨著油鉆井(jing)深(shen)度(du)(du)的(de)增加,溫度(du)(du)升(sheng)高、壓力增加、機械(xie)負荷(he)加重,對產(chan)品的(de)機械(xie)、電(dian)氣(qi)、重量、幾何(he)尺寸等到方面都(dou)提出了(le)相當的(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。
石油工業(ye)、地質勘探(包(bao)括海(hai)洋勘探等(deng))本身就(jiu)融合(he)了現(xian)代科學的(de)成就(jiu)。諸如電(dian)子計算機、數(shu)字(zi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、光纖通(tong)信、海(hai)洋生(sheng)物(wu)、航天(tian)遙控技(ji)術(shu)(shu)等(deng)。
(9)核(he)電(dian)站用(yong)電(dian)纜(lan) 在核(he)電(dian)站內使用(yong)的(de)電(dian)纜(lan),按其(qi)使用(yong)的(de)不(bu)同區域(yu)有不(bu)同的(de)特殊性能要(yao)求。在核(he)島內使用(yong)的(de)耐(nai)高溫高輻射電(dian)纜(lan)、在核(he)島附近使用(yong)的(de)耐(nai)較高溫中輻射電(dian)纜(lan)、在常規(gui)島附近用(yong)低輻射常溫電(dian)纜(lan)。所有電(dian)纜(lan)都必須(xu)是低煙無鹵阻(zu)燃和無腐蝕氣體的(de)要(yao)求。(有IE級K1類和K3類二(er)種)
(10)機(ji)車車輛用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan) 根(gen)據安(an)裝(zhuang)場所不(bu)同,有無礦(kuang)(kuang)物(wu)油(you)和燃料油(you)污染的;有礦(kuang)(kuang)物(wu)油(you)但無燃料油(you)污染的;有礦(kuang)(kuang)物(wu)油(you)和燃料油(you)污染的三種情(qing)況,有不(bu)同的使用(yong)要求,如控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)、通信電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)、儀(yi)表電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)等
(11)補償(chang)導線
補償導線適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)高溫(wen)計連接熱(re)電(dian)偶(ou)(ou)檢流(liu)計之(zhi)用(yong)(yong)。導電(dian)線芯根據熱(re)電(dian)偶(ou)(ou)測(ce)溫(wen)的需要采用(yong)(yong)多(duo)種合(he)金(jin)組(zu)合(he)。絕緣和(he)護套一般(ban)品(pin)種采用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)氯乙烯(xi)(xi)或丁腈聚(ju)氯乙烯(xi)(xi)復合(he)物,耐熱(re)品(pin)種采用(yong)(yong)氟塑料或玻璃(li)絲繞包等(deng)復合(he)結構(gou)(gou)。導線結構(gou)(gou)有一般(ban)結構(gou)(gou)和(he)柔軟(ruan)結構(gou)(gou)兩類,軟(ruan)線適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)移動設備連接,一般(ban)結構(gou)(gou)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)固(gu)定敷設。
(12)其他各種專(zhuan)用(yong)電線電纜均適用(yong)于專(zhuan)用(yong)場合
如千伏級架空絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)、單芯中頻同軸電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)、攝影光(guang)源(yuan)軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)、低(di)壓(ya)變(bian)頻帶電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)、電(dian)(dian)子(zi)計算機電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)等(deng)等(deng)。